{"id":141,"date":"2020-11-14T14:47:56","date_gmt":"2020-11-14T14:47:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/?page_id=141"},"modified":"2020-11-14T14:51:29","modified_gmt":"2020-11-14T14:51:29","slug":"president-trump-promised-a-covid-vaccine-by-election-day-that-politicized-vaccination-intentions","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/president-trump-promised-a-covid-vaccine-by-election-day-that-politicized-vaccination-intentions\/","title":{"rendered":"President Trump promised a COVID vaccine by Election Day: that politicized vaccination intentions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"276\" height=\"276\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/Matt_Motta_-_MOTTA_HEADSHOT.png?resize=276%2C276&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/Matt_Motta_-_MOTTA_HEADSHOT.png?w=276&amp;ssl=1 276w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/Matt_Motta_-_MOTTA_HEADSHOT.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/Matt_Motta_-_MOTTA_HEADSHOT.png?resize=60%2C60&amp;ssl=1 60w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"US201bio\"><strong>Dr Matt Motta<\/strong><br><br>Assistant Professor of Political Science at Oklahoma State University. His research studies the prevalence, origins, and policy consequences of misinformation about politics, public health, and the environment. He is also interested in developing communications-based solutions to combat misinformation acceptance.<br><br><em>E-mail: matthew.motta@okstate.edu<\/em><br><br><em>Twitter: @matt_motta<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/US20_divider_1_policy.png?resize=400%2C308&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/US20_divider_1_policy.png?w=400&amp;ssl=1 400w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/US20_divider_1_policy.png?resize=300%2C231&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<h5 class=\"US201\"> Section 1: Policy and political context<\/h5>\n<div class=\"page-list\"><ul class=\"list-group-item\"><li class=\"page_item page-item-115\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/the-far-too-normal-election\/\">The far-too-normal election<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-121\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/one-pandemic-two-americas-and-a-week-long-election-day\/\">One pandemic, two Americas and a week-long election day<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-125\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/political-emotion-and-the-global-pandemic-factors-at-odds-with-a-trump-presidency\/\">Political emotion and the global pandemic: factors at odds with a Trump presidency<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-129\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/the-pandemic-did-not-produce-the-predominant-headwinds-that-changed-the-course-of-the-country\/\">The pandemic did not produce the predominant headwinds that changed the course of the country<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-134\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/confessions-of-a-vampire\/\">Confessions of a vampire<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-137\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/covid-19-and-the-2020-election\/\">COVID-19 and the 2020 election<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-145\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/the-enduring-impact-of-the-black-lives-matter-movement-on-the-2020-elections\/\">The enduring impact of the Black Lives Matter movement on the 2020 elections<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-149\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/where-do-we-go-from-here-the-2020-u-s-presidential-election-immigration-and-crisis\/\">Where do we go from here? The 2020 U.S. presidential election, immigration, and crisis<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-152\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/a-nation-divided-on-abortion\/\">A nation divided on abortion?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-156\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/ending-the-policy-of-erasure-transgender-issues-in-2020\/\">Ending the policy of erasure: transgender issues in 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-159\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/u-s-presidential-politics-and-planetary-crisis-in-2020\/\">U.S. presidential politics and planetary crisis in 2020<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-162\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/joe-biden-and-americas-role-in-the-world\/\">Joe Biden and America\u2019s role in the world<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-165\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/president-bidens-foreign-policy-engagement-multilateralism-and-cautious-globalization\/\">President Biden\u2019s foreign policy: engagement, multilateralism, and cautious globalization<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-168\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/presidential-primary-outcomes-as-evidence-of-levels-of-party-unity\/\">Presidential primary outcomes as evidence of levels of party unity<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-171\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/a-movable-force-the-armed-forces-voting-bloc\/\">A movable force: the armed forces voting bloc<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-179\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/guns-and-the-2020-elections\/\">Guns and the 2020 elections<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-182\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/can-bidens-win-stop-the-decline-of-the-west-and-restore-the-role-of-the-united-states-in-the-world\/\">Can Biden\u2019s win stop the decline of the West and restore the role of the United States in the world?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<p>In the weeks leading up to the presidential election, President Trump promised Americans&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/09\/16\/trump-says-he-thinks-us-could-start-distributing-a-coronavirus-vaccine-in-october.html\">on<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2020\/08\/23\/trump-considering-fast-tracking-astrazeneca-vaccine-before-election.html\">several<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/trump-vaccine-election\/2020\/09\/05\/c0da86d6-edf5-11ea-99a1-71343d03bc29_story.html\">occasions<\/a>&nbsp;that a vaccine for the novel coronavirus would be ready for public use by Election Day. The Trump campaign saw accelerated vaccine development as an important campaign talking point \u2013&nbsp;featured<a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5887254\/trump-coronavirus-vaccine-political-bet\/\">&nbsp;in battleground state campaign ads<\/a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2020\/09\/29\/trumps-debate-highlights-his-hunger-for-a-rushed-election-eve-vaccine-approval\/\">touted on several occasions at the first presidential debate<\/a>. Vaccine experts \u2013 including the administration\u2019s CDC director&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/covid-19-vaccine-distribution-trump-administration\/\">Robert Redfield<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-08-10\/most-americans-won-t-be-able-to-get-a-coronavirus-vaccine-until-well-into-2021\">cautioned<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/08\/02\/us\/politics\/coronavirus-vaccine.html\">that<\/a>&nbsp;this timeline was unrealistic. Although Operation Warp Speed enabled the manufacture of vaccines prior to the conclusion of clinical trials, with the hope of&nbsp;<em>beginning&nbsp;<\/em>the distribution process<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/strategy-for-distributing-covid-19-vaccine.pdf\">&nbsp;within one day<\/a>&nbsp;of approval, experts projected widespread availability months after Election Day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nevertheless, the President\u2019s decision to link vaccine development to the election fueled concerns the administration&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/2020\/07\/21\/vaccine-makers-trump-congress-375921\">might pressure regulators to cut corners<\/a>&nbsp;in the approval process. Some scientists worried that the administration&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/peterhotez\/status\/1297716603983929346?s=10\">might attempt to ease<\/a>&nbsp;emergency use authorization (EUA) guidelines, which allow vaccines in development to be administered to vulnerable populations before approval for widespread use, in order to facilitate distribution in October. The administration exacerbated these concerns by placing&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/aug\/23\/coronavirus-donald-trump-plasma-treatment-fda-deep-state-navarro\">substantial pressure<\/a>&nbsp;on the FDA to permit doctors to treat sick people with the plasma of recovered coronavirus patients; a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2020\/08\/23\/fda-under-pressure-from-trump-expected-to-authorize-blood-plasma-as-covid-19-treatment\/\">promising, yet presently unproven<\/a>&nbsp;way to fight off the virus more quickly. Likewise, HHS spokesperson Michael Caputo, who formerly served on the President\u2019s 2016 election campaign, was met with scorn after he&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=michael+caputo&amp;rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS521US522&amp;oq=michael+caputo&amp;aqs=chrome.0.69i59j46j0l2j46j0j69i60j69i61.2558j0j7&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8\">accused government scientists<\/a>&nbsp;of prolonging the pandemic in order to advance their personal and political ambitions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The administration&#8217;s decision to tie vaccine development to the election politicized elites discussion of vaccines on the campaign trail. In an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/09\/05\/politics\/kamala-harris-not-trust-trump-vaccine-cnntv\/index.html\">interview with CNN<\/a>&nbsp;in early September, Vice Presidential candidate Kamala Harris stated that she \u201cwould not take [President Trump\u2019s] word\u201d that a vaccine developed before election day would be safe and effective. Worryingly, elite partisan disagreements about vaccine-related issues are also reflected in Americans\u2019 intentions to receive a coronavirus vaccine, once it becomes widely available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/osf.io\/urcmf\/\">demographically representative surveys<\/a>\u00a0of mass level politicization in vaccination intentions (see the red and blue lines Figure 1). For reference (in gray), I include an indicator of monthly media attention to vaccine politicization &#8212; i.e., the total count of newspaper and television stories coverage of President Trump\u2019s Election Day vaccine promise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"648\" height=\"451\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/Matt_Motta_-_MOTTA_FIGURE_1.png?resize=648%2C451&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-142\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/Matt_Motta_-_MOTTA_FIGURE_1.png?resize=1024%2C712&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/Matt_Motta_-_MOTTA_FIGURE_1.png?resize=300%2C209&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/Matt_Motta_-_MOTTA_FIGURE_1.png?resize=768%2C534&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/Matt_Motta_-_MOTTA_FIGURE_1.png?w=1081&amp;ssl=1 1081w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 648px) 100vw, 648px\" \/><figcaption><strong><br>Figure 1. COVID-19 vaccination intentions by partisanship (April &#8211; October 2020)<\/strong><br><em>Note. Combined N = 4,002.. Mean levels of vaccine refusal across survey waves. Respondents were asked to report whether they are \u201cvery likely,\u201d \u201csomewhat likely,\u201d \u201cnot too likely,\u201d or \u201cnot likely at all\u201d to \u201crequest to be vaccinated\u201d against COVID-19 \u201cwhen a vaccine for the novel coronavirus becomes widely available.\u201d Respondents were also asked a standard (branched) partisan identification question (with those \u201cleaning\u201d toward the Democratic or Republican parties coded as Independents). Responses were collected via Lucid Theorem\u2019s online opt-in internet service, which used quota sampling to target demographic representativeness on respondents\u2019 age, race, gender, educational attainment, income, partisan identification, and residential region. I apply post-stratification weights to account for any remaining differences between the sample and U.S. population on the basis of age, income, educational attainment, gender, and race. Media volume data reflect all U.S. newspaper articles and television closed caption data where the terms \u201cTrump,\u201d \u201cvaccine,\u201d and (\u201cbefore Election Day\u201d or \u201cby Election Day\u201d) co-occur in the same piece. Media data were obtained via ESCO-host.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>I find that, at the onset of the pandemic in April 2020, over 70% of both Republicans&nbsp;<em>and<\/em>&nbsp;Democrats indicated that they would be willing to receive a vaccine. However, as the pandemic progressed, Republicans\u2019 intentions declined gradually, potentially a result of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/science\/2020\/09\/17\/u-s-public-now-divided-over-whether-to-get-covid-19-vaccine\/\">waning concern<\/a>&nbsp;about the severity of the pandemic \u2013 before reverting&nbsp;<em>back<\/em>&nbsp;to early-pandemic levels (75%) on the eve of Election Day. One could argue Republicans\u2019 fall resurgence could be due in part to an uptick in concern about the pandemic, amid a \u201cFall Wave\u201d of new infections. Polling averages, however,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/projects.fivethirtyeight.com\/coronavirus-polls\/?cid=rrpromo\">suggest<\/a>&nbsp;very little change in public pandemic concern from mid-August to mid-October.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alternatively, and consistent with the possibility that vaccination intentions became highly politicized, this shift coincides with President Trump doubling down on his promise of a vaccine within \u201ca few weeks\u201d (i.e., in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rev.com\/blog\/transcripts\/donald-trump-joe-biden-1st-presidential-debate-transcript-2020\">first Presidential Debate<\/a>), as well as Vice President Pence\u2019s assertion, in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.rev.com\/blog\/transcripts\/kamala-harris-mike-pence-2020-vice-presidential-debate-transcript\">Vice Presidential Debate<\/a>, that Senator Harris\u2019 skepticism about the safety of a vaccine approved by the Trump administration might \u201cundermine public vaccine confidence.\u201d The shift also follows a major spike in media attention to President Trump\u2019s Election Day vaccine promise (see: gray shaded line).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Democrats, on the other hand, remained enthusiastic in their vaccination intentions throughout the summer; with over 80% reporting that they planned to vaccinate by June. However, Democrats\u2019 intentions began to drop off in the last week of August;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/aug\/23\/coronavirus-donald-trump-plasma-treatment-fda-deep-state-navarro\">&nbsp;just days<\/a>&nbsp;after President Trump referred to the FDA as \u201cdeep state\u201d actors seeking to prevent Americans from receiving a coronavirus vaccine, and put pressure on the agency to authorize unproven therapeutics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Democrats\u2019 enthusiasm for the vaccine dropped off sharply in the coming months, amid increasing elite polarization about vaccine-related issues and media attention to President Trump\u2019s Election Day promise. By October, just 67%. This means that the partisan subgroup once most likely to vaccinate experienced the steepest decline in vaccine intentions, from late summer into early Fall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These results, while correlational, nevertheless caution that playing politics with vaccine development can have important and negative public health consequences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While Democrats\u2019 substantial dropoff in vaccination intentions may have been offset, to some degree, by Republican enthusiasm, Americans\u2019 intentions to vaccinate remained concerningly low; decreasing from 74% in April to 67% in October. Because current epidemiological estimates suggest that&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.medrxiv.org\/content\/10.1101\/2020.05.29.20117184v1\">as many as 70%<\/a>&nbsp;of Americans must develop immunity to COVID-19 in order to put the virus\u2019 spread into decline, either by getting vaccinated, or by contracting and recovering from the virus, politicization may extend the amount of time it takes to achieve herd immunity against the disease. Ironically, then, it may be that the President\u2019s decision to guarantee a vaccine before Election Day, aimed at promising a speedy return to \u201clife as usual\u201d, has actually&nbsp;<em>prolonged<\/em>&nbsp;the time it may take to recover from the pandemic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr Matt Motta Assistant Professor of Political Science at Oklahoma State University. His research studies the prevalence, origins, and policy consequences of misinformation about politics, public health, and the environment. He is also interested in developing communications-based solutions to combat misinformation acceptance. E-mail: matthew.motta@okstate.edu Twitter: @matt_motta In the weeks leading up to the presidential election, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":14,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-141","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>President Trump promised a COVID vaccine by Election Day: that politicized vaccination intentions - Election Analysis - United States<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/president-trump-promised-a-covid-vaccine-by-election-day-that-politicized-vaccination-intentions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"President Trump promised a COVID vaccine by Election Day: that politicized vaccination intentions - Election Analysis - United States\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dr Matt Motta Assistant Professor of Political Science at Oklahoma State University. His research studies the prevalence, origins, and policy consequences of misinformation about politics, public health, and the environment. He is also interested in developing communications-based solutions to combat misinformation acceptance. E-mail: matthew.motta@okstate.edu Twitter: @matt_motta In the weeks leading up to the presidential election, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/president-trump-promised-a-covid-vaccine-by-election-day-that-politicized-vaccination-intentions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Election Analysis - United States\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-11-14T14:51:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/11\/Matt_Motta_-_MOTTA_HEADSHOT.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/president-trump-promised-a-covid-vaccine-by-election-day-that-politicized-vaccination-intentions\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2020\/section-1-policy-and-political-context\/president-trump-promised-a-covid-vaccine-by-election-day-that-politicized-vaccination-intentions\/\",\"name\":\"President Trump promised a COVID vaccine by Election Day: that politicized vaccination intentions - 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