{"id":97,"date":"2016-11-18T00:28:45","date_gmt":"2016-11-18T00:28:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/?page_id=97"},"modified":"2016-11-18T15:20:04","modified_gmt":"2016-11-18T15:20:04","slug":"donald-trumps-slogan-betrays-a-renewed-political-fixation-on-the-past","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/donald-trumps-slogan-betrays-a-renewed-political-fixation-on-the-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Donald Trump\u2019s slogan betrays a renewed political fixation on the past"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row \"><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-xs-12 col-sm-3\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-343\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Alexandra_Paulin-Booth-bw-300x300.png\" alt=\"alexandra_paulin-booth-bw\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Alexandra_Paulin-Booth-bw-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Alexandra_Paulin-Booth-bw-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Alexandra_Paulin-Booth-bw-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Alexandra_Paulin-Booth-bw.png 453w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ProfileText2\">\n<p class=\"BIO\"><strong><span class=\"CharOverride-35\">Alexandra Paulin-Booth<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><em>Lecturer and PhD candidate in History at Balliol College, Oxford<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><span class=\"EMAIL\">Email: alexandra.paulin-booth@balliol.ox.ac.uk<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-260\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-2-300x300.png\" alt=\"US2016 - Section 2\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-2-768x771.png 768w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-2-1020x1024.png 1020w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-2-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-2.png 1022w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5 class=\"CampaignQuote2\">Section 2: Campaign<\/h5>\n<div class=\"page-list\"><ul class=\"list-group-item\"><li class=\"page_item page-item-91\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/evidence-for-the-powerful-roles-of-polarization-and-partisanship\/\">Evidence for the powerful roles of polarization and partisanship<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-95\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/the-emotional-brand-wins\/\">The emotional brand wins<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-99\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/dog-whistles-and-dumpster-fires\/\">Dog whistles and dumpster fires<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-101\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/how-donald-trump-bullies-with-his-body-language\/\">How Donald Trump bullies with his body language<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-103\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/analysing-debate-questions-is-it-time-to-rethink-the-town-hall\/\">Analysing debate questions: is it time to rethink the town hall?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-105\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/image-bites-voter-enthusiasm-and-the-2016-presidential-election\/\">Image bites, voter enthusiasm, and the 2016 Presidential Election<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-107\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/air-war-campaign-advertising-in-the-2016-presidential-election\/\">Air war? Campaign advertising in the 2016 Presidential Election<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-109\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/us-election-what-impact-do-celebrity-endorsements-really-have\/\">US election: what impact do celebrity endorsements really have?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-111\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/the-backlash-of-the-loose-cannon-musicians-and-the-celebrity-cleavage\/\">The backlash of the loose cannon: musicians and the celebrity cleavage<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-113\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/the-curious-case-of-jill-stein\/\">The curious case of Jill Stein<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-115\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/the-green-party-effect-in-the-us-2016-election\/\">The Green Party effect in the US 2016 Election<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-127\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/us-presidential-candidate-selection\/\">US presidential candidate selection<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-117\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/the-lolnothingmatters-election\/\">The #LolNothingMatters election<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<p><\/div><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-xs-12 col-sm-9\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"FIRST-PARA\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">At its most basic, all democratic politics could be described as a fight over the future. Different factions, parties or candidates propose competing visions for a society which would in some crucial way change it; the electorate assesses their ideas and decides which is the more desirable or feasible. But watching Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton grapple over America\u2019s future, it\u2019s clear that this model is breaking down. To different extents, both candidates have retreated into the past rather than facing the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Trump\u2019s famous and ubiquitous slogan is \u201cmake America great again\u201d. He gives only the sketchiest of outlines as to what this would entail:<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.donaldjtrump.com\/policies\/economy\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">jobs and growth<\/span><\/a>,<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.donaldjtrump.com\/policies\/immigration\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">a wall<\/span><\/a><span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>on the Mexican border,<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.donaldjtrump.com\/policies\/foreign-policy-and-defeating-isis\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">defeating Islamic State<\/span><\/a><span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>\u2013 all huge, ill-defined, and questionably feasibile.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">The problems Trump identifies in today\u2019s America greatly outnumber his solutions. During the debates, Trump tossed out the word \u201cagain\u201d, the crux of his slogan, with compulsive insistence \u2013 \u201cgreat again, safe again, wealthy again\u201d. In the third debate in Las Vegas, he declared he wanted to see\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"REGULAR\">the constitution enacted \u201cthe way it was meant to be\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">The murky nostalgia of this claim is obvious. This is less a matter of moving forwards and more recovering something lost. That is why Trump doesn\u2019t really need to explain what his policies would actually be: the presumption is that Americans will know their former greatness when they see it. Campaigns like his bypass the arduous path of reasoning and set us on the easier but more treacherous terrain of instinct and emotion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">What we\u2019re seeing is a turn away from optimism, a vivid feeling among vast swathes of the electorate that the future no longer implies improvement, if indeed it ever did. This brand of politics has a long lineage \u2013 and Trump\u2019s nationalism is the direct descendant of a much older strand of far-right nationalism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"FIRST-PARA\"><strong><span class=\"BOLD\">Just like old times<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"FIRST-PARA\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">By the end of the 19th century, nationalist ideology was mutating, shedding its universalist skin and its often liberating intentions. In the 1890s it took on an inward-looking, essentialist incarnation: racialised, fearful, belligerent. This change is usually described as a shift from left to right, but that doesn\u2019t entirely grasp what was going on.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">Such a change required nationalism to conceive the future in a fundamentally different way: it stopped representing opportunity and progress and started to connote threat and danger. Nationalists began to campaign on the promise they would protect their people from the ravages of modernity, whether in the form of increasing immigration or exploitation at work.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">The resurgence of this scared, suspicious eyeing of the future is at the heart of the Trump campaign. As Will Davies<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wpr.org\/listen\/996066\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">argued<\/span><\/a>, we have entered not only an age of post-truth politics but also an age of post-future politics. This is an argument that Davies convincingly<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.perc.org.uk\/project_posts\/thoughts-on-the-sociology-of-brexit\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">applies to Brexit<\/span><\/a>, too. Post-truth and post-future politics feed off one another: they form two sides of a coin whose only currency is fear and despair.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">And what of Hillary Clinton? Did she offer an alternative vision, a future that stands for newness and progress? Not at all. Perhaps this isn\u2019t surprising given the amount of time she has spent in politics \u2014 it\u2019s unlikely that she would propose a complete break with a past in which she is so thoroughly embedded. Her emphasis on her experience, meticulously detailed in all three debates, trapped her in a bygone era.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Clinton\u2019s willingness to reference a direct<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2016\/jul\/27\/hillary-clinton-general-election-bernie-sanders-campaign\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">return to or continuity of the other Clinton era<\/span><\/a><span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>was on full display in the first debate: \u201cI think my husband did a pretty good job in the 1990s. I think a lot about what worked and how we can make it work again.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">Sure enough, there\u2019s very little new about her proposed programme. Essentially, she advocates a return to a carefully delineated recent past of prosperity. It\u2019s a big contrast with Trump\u2019s fantasy of an all-encompassing paradise lost \u2013 but Clinton\u2019s is a recreation of the past nonetheless.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"FIRST-PARA\"><strong><span class=\"BOLD\">Past our prime<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"FIRST-PARA\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">Politicians of all stripes have long invoked what they see as the glorious aspects of their countries\u2019 histories to bolster visions of the future. But the past is typically inspiration, not prescription. The revolutionaries of late-18th century France\u00a0<a id=\"_idTextAnchor006\"><\/a>might have vaunted classical symbols and architecture, but they didn\u2019t use them to assemble a strict template for a return to a bygone age; they incorporated the aesthetic into a radical vision of the future.\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"REGULAR\">That is not the case in this year\u2019s presidential election.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">What we are witnessing is a profound shift in the Western political landscape, a transformation<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2016\/oct\/21\/modernisers-politics-barack-obama-technology-britain\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">by no means limited to the US<\/span><\/a>. Sections of many electorates are losing faith in the idea of the future as we know it \u2013 something distinct from the past and the present alike, and which usually represents change for the better. Traditional establishment politicians have been all but paralysed by this development, while insurgent populists are eagerly fuelling it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">All the while, we\u2019re faced with problems of a new urgency and scale: widespread disenchantment, marginalisation, and division; the threat of<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/robot-revolution-rise-of-the-intelligent-automated-workforce-58252\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">jobs lost to automation<\/span><\/a>;<span class=\"apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/perspectives-on-antibiotic-resistance-how-we-got-here-where-were-headed-60140\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">antibiotic resistance<\/span><\/a>; climate change; displaced populations. It is unlikely that looking back to any past, however seductive, will help us solve these problems.<\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":23,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-97","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Donald Trump\u2019s slogan betrays a renewed political fixation on the past - US Election Analysis 2016<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-2-campaign\/donald-trumps-slogan-betrays-a-renewed-political-fixation-on-the-past\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Donald Trump\u2019s slogan betrays a renewed political fixation on the past - 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