{"id":85,"date":"2016-11-18T00:23:13","date_gmt":"2016-11-18T00:23:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/?page_id=85"},"modified":"2016-11-18T20:39:41","modified_gmt":"2016-11-18T20:39:41","slug":"the-new-normal-campaigns-elections-in-the-contemporary-media-environment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/the-new-normal-campaigns-elections-in-the-contemporary-media-environment\/","title":{"rendered":"The new normal? Campaigns and elections in the contemporary media environment"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row \"><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-xs-12 col-sm-3\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-319\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/michael_x_delli_carpini-bw-fromtheweb-300x300.png\" alt=\"michael_x_delli_carpini-bw-fromtheweb\" width=\"227\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/michael_x_delli_carpini-bw-fromtheweb-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/michael_x_delli_carpini-bw-fromtheweb-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/michael_x_delli_carpini-bw-fromtheweb-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/michael_x_delli_carpini-bw-fromtheweb.png 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ProfileText1\">\n<p class=\"BIO\"><strong><span class=\"CharOverride-35\">Prof\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"CharOverride-35\">Michael X. Delli Carpini<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><em>Professor of Communication and the Walter H. Annenberg Dean of The Annenberg School for Communication<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><span class=\"EMAIL\">Email: mxd@asc.upenn.edu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-261 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-1-300x283.png\" alt=\"US2016 - Section 1\" width=\"300\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-1-300x283.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-1-768x725.png 768w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-1-1024x966.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-1.png 1098w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5 class=\"CampaignQuote1\">Section 1: Media<\/h5>\n<div class=\"page-list\"><ul class=\"list-group-item\"><li class=\"page_item page-item-69\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/the-question-of-objectivity-in-the-2016-presidential-election\/\">The question of objectivity in the 2016 Presidential Election<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-71\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/after-objectivity\/\">After Objectivity?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-73\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/journalism-and-the-illusion-of-innocence\/\">Journalism and the illusion of innocence<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-75\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/did-election-results-trump-frames-of-newspaper-endorsements\/\">Did election results trump frames of newspaper endorsements?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-77\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/trump-and-mediatization\/\">Trump and mediatization<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-79\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/the-2016-election-and-the-success-of-fact-free-politics\/\">The 2016 election and the success of fact free politics<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-81\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/trump-truth-and-the-media\/\">Trump, truth and the media<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-83\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/rise-of-donald-trump-media-as-a-voter-decision-accelerator\/\">Rise of Donald Trump: media as a voter-decision accelerator<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-87\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/did-the-media-create-trump\/\">Did the media create Trump?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-89\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-1-media\/trump-media-and-the-oxygen-of-publicity\/\">Trump, Media, and the \u2018oxygen of publicity\u2019<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<p><\/div><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-xs-12 col-sm-9\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"FIRST-PARA\">In our 2011 book,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/After-Broadcast-News-Information-Communication\/dp\/0521279836\"><span class=\"Hyperlink CharOverride-34\">After Broadcast News: Media Regimes, Democracy, and the New Information Environment<\/span><\/a><span class=\"CharOverride-34\">,<\/span>\u00a0Bruce Williams and I argued that political, economic, cultural, and technological changes in the United States have fundamentally altered the media environment, with significant implications for the practice and even the meaning of politics. This emerging \u201cmedia regime\u201d blurs traditional distinctions between fact and opinion, news and entertainment, information producers and consumers, and mass mediated and interpersonal communication, creating a political landscape that is both \u201cmultiaxial\u201d (i.e., in which control of the public agenda emerges from multiple, shifting, and previously invisible or less powerful actors) and \u201chyperreal\u201d (i.e., in which the mediated representation of reality becomes more important than the facts underlying it).<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">The impact of these changes on political campaigns could be seen in small but significant ways as early as the 1980s, when the Reagan campaign used satellite technology and pre-packaged \u201cvideo news releases\u201d to bypass the national press and target local (and presumably less aggressive) journalists and media outlets (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Bended-Knee-Press-Reagan-Presidency\/dp\/0374251975\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Hertsgaard, 1988<\/span><\/a>). Other signs of change included Ross Perot\u2019s appearances on the cable talk show,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.c-span.org\/video\/?c1635111\/ross-perot-announcing-intention-run-1992\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Larry King Live<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to jump start his third party candidacy, and Bill Clinton\u2019s appearances on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ckHfgqK_hcU\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">The Arsenio Hall Show<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(think sunglasses and saxophone) and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=fp4hTnE2BHY\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">MTV<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(think boxers or briefs), all in 1992; John McCain\u2019s unprecedented use\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2000\/02\/04\/us\/the-2000-campaign-the-money-game-mccain-gets-big-payoff-on-web-site.html\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">internet fundraising<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in 2000; Howard Dean\u2019s insurgency campaign fueled by his (and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Revolution-Will-Not-Televised-Everything\/dp\/B000GG4ZD6\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Joe Trippi\u2019s<\/span><\/a>) creative use of the internet to motivate and mobilize young supporters in 2004; and the implosion of Senator George Allen\u2019s reelection bid (and presidential aspirations) in 2006, the result of a cell phone video that went viral (think\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=r90z0PMnKwI\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">\u201cmacaca moment\u201d<\/span><\/a>).<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">By 2008 and 2012 the use of digital, social, and non-traditional media and technology to announce ones candidacy, fund-raise, reach and engage supporters, and get out the vote had become firmly entrenched as an integral part of campaigning, more effectively by Democrats than Republicans (<a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/taking-our-country-back-9780199936786?cc=us&amp;lang=en&amp;\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Kreiss, 2012<\/span><\/a>). But despite some prominent examples (e.g.,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nbc.com\/saturday-night-live\/video\/couric--palin-open\/n12311\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Saturday Night Live\u2019s<\/span><\/a>\u00a0parodies of Sarah Palin;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cc.com\/video-clips\/8syoma\/the-daily-show-with-jon-stewart-democalypse-2012---election-night-2012--this-ends-now---real-time-polling\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">The Daily Show\u2019s<\/span><\/a>\u00a0election coverage;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cc.com\/video-clips\/3yzu4u\/the-colbert-report-colbert-super-pac---trevor-potter---stephen-s-shell-corporation\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">The Colbert Report\u2019s<\/span><\/a>\u00a0satirical civic lessons on campaign finance; the viral releases of problematic comments by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=M2gvY2wqI7M\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Mitt Romney<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=DTxXUufI3jA\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Barack Obama<\/span><\/a>; even Obama\u2019s ability to overtake front runner Hilary Clinton), the impact of this reconstituted information environment remained largely channeled within the traditional media and political parties, often in informal partnership with tech savvy people \u201cborrowed\u201d from digital media companies (<a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/prototype-politics-9780199350254?lang=en&amp;cc=us\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Kreiss, 2016<\/span><\/a>).<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">The 2016 presidential campaign was a more radical departure from the recent past. The success of Donald Trump\u2019s and (though ultimately falling short) Bernie Sander\u2019s insurgent campaigns would be unthinkable in the campaign structure of the late 20th Century. To be sure, the new information environment did not cause their success \u2013 there were\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/Politics\/huge-margin-working-class-whites-lifts-trump-stunning\/story?id=43411948&amp;mc_cid=74f7eb6000&amp;mc_eid=d4d499d315\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">real issues<\/span><\/a>\u00a0of race, class, gender, religion, globalization, culture, and a deep mistrust of both the traditional media and Washington politics driving these candidates\u2019 unexpected popularity. But most of these fissures have existed since the nation\u2019s founding, and none were unique to this election. What was unique was the ability of a 75 year old socialist and a 70 year old businessman turned reality television celebrity to exploit the contemporary information environment in ways that were unprecedented, and done outside \u2013 and against the concerted efforts \u2013 of the traditional institutions of national politics.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Consider the Trump campaign. While disputes over \u201cthe facts\u201d are common, Trump took this to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.politifact.com\/personalities\/donald-trump\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">a new level<\/span><\/a>, demonstrating that a candidate can make statements that were verifiably false, be called out on these misstatements, and pay no political price for them. His campaign shattered the already dissolving distinction between news and entertainment, with primaries resembling nothing so much as a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/qz.com\/828700\/2016-presidential-election-donald-trump-has-used-reality-tv-strategies-throughout-his-campaign\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">reality television show<\/span><\/a>, debates that drew\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/money.cnn.com\/2016\/09\/27\/media\/debate-ratings-record-viewership\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">huge audiences<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in large part for the spectacle, and a traditional news media that provided Trump with\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2016\/09\/trumps-media-saturation-quantified\/498389\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">unprecedented coverage<\/span><\/a>\u00a0because of his celebrity status. The presumed importance of both \u201cfree\u201d (i.e., positive news coverage) and \u201cpaid\u201d (i.e., televised campaign ads) mass media was upended by his use of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-fix\/wp\/2015\/12\/10\/reading-6000-of-his-tweets-has-convinced-us-donald-trump-is-a-social-media-master\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Twitter<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to speak directly to, motivate, and mobilize his followers. And his message was amplified through online social networks, making his followers both consumers and producers of campaign discourse. Combined, these tactics exploited both the multiaxiality and hyperreality of the current information environment.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">The future is difficult to predict, but one thing seems certain: Donald Trump is not an aberration. The type of candidates that emerge (in terms of ideology and personality), where they emerge from, who they mobilize, and how they exploit the radically changed information environment, will depend on the context. But the days of campaigns that are controlled by a stable set of political and media elites are over.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":21,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-85","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The new normal? 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