{"id":189,"date":"2016-11-18T00:51:06","date_gmt":"2016-11-18T00:51:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/?page_id=189"},"modified":"2016-11-18T16:34:15","modified_gmt":"2016-11-18T16:34:15","slug":"the-dissolution-of-news-selective-exposure-filter-bubbles-and-the-boundaries-of-journalism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/the-dissolution-of-news-selective-exposure-filter-bubbles-and-the-boundaries-of-journalism\/","title":{"rendered":"The dissolution of news: selective exposure, filter bubbles, and the boundaries of journalism"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row \"><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-xs-12 col-sm-3\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-525\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Seth_Lewis_bw-300x300.png\" alt=\"seth_lewis_bw\" width=\"227\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Seth_Lewis_bw-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Seth_Lewis_bw-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Seth_Lewis_bw-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Seth_Lewis_bw.png 455w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ProfileText6\">\n<p class=\"BIO\"><strong><span class=\"CharOverride-35\">Dr Seth C. Lewis<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><em>Shirley Pap\u00e9 Chair in Electronic Media in the School of Journalism and Communication at the University of Oregon, and Affiliated Fellow with the Information Society Project at Yale Law School<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><span class=\"EMAIL\">Email: sclewis@uoregon.edu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-286\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Matt_Carlson-bw-300x300.png\" alt=\"matt_carlson-bw\" width=\"227\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Matt_Carlson-bw-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Matt_Carlson-bw-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Matt_Carlson-bw-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Matt_Carlson-bw.png 453w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ProfileText6\">\n<p class=\"BIO\"><strong><span class=\"CharOverride-35\">Dr Matt Carlson<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><em>Associate Professor of Communication\u00a0Saint Louis University, USA<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><span class=\"EMAIL\">Email: mcarls10@slu.edu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-256\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6-296x300.png\" alt=\"US2016 - Section 6\" width=\"296\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6-768x779.png 768w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6-1010x1024.png 1010w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6.png 1018w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5 class=\"CampaignQuote6\">Section 6: Digital Campaign<\/h5>\n<div class=\"page-list\"><ul class=\"list-group-item\"><li class=\"page_item page-item-179\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/did-russia-just-hand-donald-trump-the-presidency\/\">Did Russia just hand Donald Trump the Presidency?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-181\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/taking-julian-assange-seriously-considering-wikileaks-role-in-the-us-presidential-campaign\/\">Taking Julian Assange seriously: considering WikiLeaks\u2019 role in the US presidential campaign<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-183\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/social-media-did-not-give-us-donald-trump-and-it-is-not-weakening-democracy\/\">Social media did not give us Donald Trump and it is not weakening democracy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-185\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/trump-and-the-triumph-of-affective-news-when-everyone-is-the-media\/\">Trump and the triumph of affective news when everyone is the media<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-187\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/tweeting-the-election-political-journalists-and-a-new-privilege-of-bias\/\">Tweeting the election: political journalists and a new privilege of bias?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-191\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/fighting-the-red-feed-and-the-blue-feed\/\">Fighting the red feed and the blue feed<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-193\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/two-tribes-go-to-vote-symbolism-on-election-day\/\">Two tribes go to vote: symbolism on election day<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-195\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/ideas-are-for-sharing\/\">Ideas are for sharing<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-197\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/in-the-age-of-social-media-voters-still-need-journalists\/\">In the age of social media, voters still need journalists<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-199\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/dark-magic-the-memes-that-made-donald-trumps-victory\/\">Dark magic: the memes that made Donald Trump\u2019s victory<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<p><\/div><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-xs-12 col-sm-9\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"FIRST-PARA\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">In the aftermath of Donald Trump\u2019s election as the 45th President of the United States, there is much soul-searching about the state of journalism: How could journalists have been so wrong? How and why did they misread the electorate? Is political journalism fundamentally broken, given how much of it is built around horse-race polling that was shown to be erroneous anyway? Did data journalism, so recently seen as a key part of journalism\u2019s digital future, fail us? As one exasperated observer put it: \u201cSo all the fact-checking of Trump\u2019s lies, all the investigative journalism about his failures, even the tapes\u2014none of it meant anything.\u201d In short, what happened to news and its normative purpose in the political process?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">Setting aside their relative merits for a moment, these critiques and others like them carry an implicit assumption: \u201cnews\u201d still means more or less what we think it means. But is that really a safe assumption, anymore? In much of journalism studies, and in much of the metajournalistic discourse that occurs as pundits and audiences alike critique the press and its performance, the discussion often assumes that when we talk about news, we\u2019re all more or less talking about the same thing &#8211; that there\u2019s some kind of thingy-ness to recognizing news as news.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">True, there have always been charges of media bias and manipulation, and lately no shortage of mistrust in the press much like other professions and institutions. Moreover, as we show in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Boundaries-of-Journalism-Professionalism-Practices-and-Participation\/Carlson-Lewis\/p\/book\/9781138020672\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Boundaries of Journalism<\/span><\/a>, determining what counts as journalism and who counts as a journalist is a perpetual struggle for definitional control. Nevertheless, news was assumed to be something everyone recognized, even if with a certain distaste for the product or disdain for its producers. You didn\u2019t have to like the news, but you recognized it when you saw it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">No single trend explains the dissolution of news. For example, consider what has happened to news from the perspective of Trump supporters in rural America.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.niemanlab.org\/2016\/11\/the-forces-that-drove-this-elections-media-failure-are-likely-to-get-worse\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">As Joshua Benton points out in Nieman Journalism Lab<\/span><\/a>, newspapers that served as key community institutions have been hollowed out, much like the factories and church pews, and the print-to-digital shift has only accelerated the concentration of power to coastal news elites\u2014the same elites who mostly responded to Trump and his ilk with snark and scorn, either explicitly on Twitter or implicitly in their framing of news coverage. Cable news and talk radio provide platforms for challenging the legitimacy of so-called \u201cmainstream news\u201d with incessant claims of liberal media bias while encouraging selective exposure among partisan lines.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">More recently, social media make possible (cheap-to-make) fake news, the easy spreadability of misinformation, and the social and algorithmic orientations toward homophily. Together, those influences won the day (for example see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-intersect\/wp\/2016\/08\/29\/a-fake-headline-about-megyn-kelly-was-trending-on-facebook\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">this<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/the-intersect\/wp\/2016\/10\/12\/facebook-has-repeatedly-trended-fake-news-since-firing-its-human-editors\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">this<\/span><\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.buzzfeed.com\/craigsilverman\/can-facebook-trending-fight-off-fake-news\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">this<\/span><\/a>). Shared notions of \u201cnews\u201d did not. Facebook especially,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.niemanlab.org\/2016\/11\/the-forces-that-drove-this-elections-media-failure-are-likely-to-get-worse\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">as Benton puts it<\/span><\/a>, has \u201cbecome a single point of failure for civic information\u2026 Some of it is driven by ideology, but a lot is driven purely by the economic incentive structure Facebook has created: The fake stuff, when it connects with a Facebook user\u2019s preconceived notions or sense of identity, spreads like wildfire.\u201d The central problem is that social media, rather than being a mere source of political information, is increasingly the structure for political discussion,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/culturedigitally.org\/2016\/11\/is-social-media-killing-democracy\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">as Phil Howard of the Oxford Internet Institute describes<\/span><\/a>: \u201cSocial media platforms have provided a structure for spreading around fake news, we users tend to trust our friends and family, and we don\u2019t hold media technology firms accountable for degrading our public conversations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">What we ended up with was a filter bubble election. The decline of shared news, the echo chambers of partisan media, and the algorithms that serve confirmation biases coalesce in frightening ways for the future of the republic. Much of the post mortem criticism now being levelled at the news media assumes that basic terms like \u201cnews\u201d have some shared understandings attached to them, some agreed-upon normative expectations for journalism in public life. We shouldn\u2019t be so sure anymore, and scholars need to figure out why.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">This is also an ongoing issue, not a static one. It is clear that the forces of division in politics and in the media ecology reinforce each other in ways that portend greater cleavages for future elections. One way forward is to move beyond an interest in how information circulates across channels to attend more to what these messages are from a holistic viewpoint. No single laid-off newspaper reporter, talk-radio broadcast, or item in a social media newsfeed can explain the forces that are shaping how we think about journalism. It is only by looking across these outlets and their interconnections that we can hope to understand the media world that surrounds us.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":35,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-189","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The dissolution of news: selective exposure, filter bubbles, and the boundaries of journalism - US Election Analysis 2016<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/the-dissolution-of-news-selective-exposure-filter-bubbles-and-the-boundaries-of-journalism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The dissolution of news: selective exposure, filter bubbles, and the boundaries of journalism - 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