{"id":185,"date":"2016-11-18T00:50:14","date_gmt":"2016-11-18T00:50:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/?page_id=185"},"modified":"2016-11-18T16:31:44","modified_gmt":"2016-11-18T16:31:44","slug":"trump-and-the-triumph-of-affective-news-when-everyone-is-the-media","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/trump-and-the-triumph-of-affective-news-when-everyone-is-the-media\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump and the triumph of affective news when everyone is the media"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row \"><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-xs-12 col-sm-3\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-518\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Alfred_Hermida-bw-300x300.png\" alt=\"alfred_hermida-bw\" width=\"227\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Alfred_Hermida-bw-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Alfred_Hermida-bw-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Alfred_Hermida-bw-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Alfred_Hermida-bw.png 453w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ProfileText6\">\n<p class=\"BIO\"><strong><span class=\"CharOverride-35\">Dr Alfred Hermida<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><em>Associate Professor and Director of the Graduate School of Journalism at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver and an award-winning author, online news pioneer and digital media scholar.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><span class=\"EMAIL\">Email: soj.director@ubc.ca<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-256\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6-296x300.png\" alt=\"US2016 - Section 6\" width=\"296\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6-296x300.png 296w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6-768x779.png 768w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6-1010x1024.png 1010w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-6.png 1018w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5 class=\"CampaignQuote6\">Section 6: Digital Campaign<\/h5>\n<div class=\"page-list\"><ul class=\"list-group-item\"><li class=\"page_item page-item-179\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/did-russia-just-hand-donald-trump-the-presidency\/\">Did Russia just hand Donald Trump the Presidency?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-181\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/taking-julian-assange-seriously-considering-wikileaks-role-in-the-us-presidential-campaign\/\">Taking Julian Assange seriously: considering WikiLeaks\u2019 role in the US presidential campaign<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-183\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/social-media-did-not-give-us-donald-trump-and-it-is-not-weakening-democracy\/\">Social media did not give us Donald Trump and it is not weakening democracy<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-187\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/tweeting-the-election-political-journalists-and-a-new-privilege-of-bias\/\">Tweeting the election: political journalists and a new privilege of bias?<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-189\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/the-dissolution-of-news-selective-exposure-filter-bubbles-and-the-boundaries-of-journalism\/\">The dissolution of news: selective exposure, filter bubbles, and the boundaries of journalism<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-191\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/fighting-the-red-feed-and-the-blue-feed\/\">Fighting the red feed and the blue feed<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-193\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/two-tribes-go-to-vote-symbolism-on-election-day\/\">Two tribes go to vote: symbolism on election day<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-195\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/ideas-are-for-sharing\/\">Ideas are for sharing<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-197\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/in-the-age-of-social-media-voters-still-need-journalists\/\">In the age of social media, voters still need journalists<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-199\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/dark-magic-the-memes-that-made-donald-trumps-victory\/\">Dark magic: the memes that made Donald Trump\u2019s victory<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<p><\/div><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-xs-12 col-sm-9\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"FIRST-PARA\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">In 1961,\u00a0the playwright Arthur Miller mused, \u201ca good newspaper, I suppose, is a nation talking to itself.\u201d The assertion seems oddly quaint at a time when the US elected a president who was continually at odds with the press. Donald Trump intentionally positioned himself as an outsider of the established institutions of democratic deliberation. He bypassed the media to connect directly with his supporters, while simultaneously benefiting from the media to spread his message. Supporters and opponents became the media themselves, spreading and amplifying subjective and emotional\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"REGULAR\">affective news designed to provoke passion, not inform.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">The triumph of Trump signals the contested nature of the media due to tectonic shifts in the mechanisms and pathways for news.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/1461670X.2012.664430\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">The once privileged position of media organisations as the primary gatekeepers of news flows to the public<\/span><\/a>\u00a0has been undermined by the industry\u2019s economic woes, the emergence of digital information merchants, shifting audience practices and the spread of social media platforms. The ability to decide \u201call the news that\u2019s fit to print\u201d is shared between traditional and new media outlets, activist groups, celebrities, citizens and computer code. News exists in a contested, chaotic and circular environment where emotion often overrides evidence, fuelling the rise of polarised, passionate and personalised streams of information.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">As newsrooms across Middle America are hollowed out,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.niemanlab.org\/2016\/03\/the-game-of-concentration-the-internet-is-pushing-the-american-news-business-to-new-york-and-the-coasts\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">most new digital media outlets are concentrated along the blue-tinged coasts of east and west<\/span><\/a>. The result is a media that only sees a wide swathe of US voters from 35,000 feet. These voters did not see themselves reflected in the mainstream media and instead identified with Trump\u2019s outsider message of defiance. The loss of influence is even more apparent given the high number of newspapers that endorsed Hillary Clinton.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-newspaper-endorsements-might-matter-more-in-this-election-66473\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Endorsements do not define the outcome but can help to build momentum behind a candidate<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">The waning authority of newspapers is unsurprising given that\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.journalism.org\/2016\/02\/04\/the-2016-presidential-campaign-a-news-event-thats-hard-to-miss\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">no more than 3 per cent of Americans named local and national print outlets as the most helpful source for election news<\/span><\/a>. News websites fared slightly better, cited by 13 per cent. Instead, cable news and social media emerged as the two \u2018most helpful\u2019 sources of election news. Arguably, they were also the worst.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Cable news is a misnomer. These networks are not in the business of evidence-based reporting. They are in the emotion business. And emotion sells. Ratcheting up anger and outrage on cable makes business sense.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.journalism.org\/2016\/06\/15\/cable-news-fact-sheet\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Trump\u2019s fiery and obnoxious rhetoric was a ratings bonanza, spurring a growth in viewership for the first time in three years and, with it, rising revenues<\/span><\/a>. Viewers tune into the channel that mirrors their personal political leanings, as audiences gravitate towards media that reflects and reinforces their biases and beliefs.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Social media offers a space for voters to find, support and share facts, falsehoods or feelings. The\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.niemanlab.org\/2016\/05\/pew-report-44-percent-of-u-s-adults-get-news-on-facebook\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">impact of Facebook<\/span><\/a>\u00a0is staggering given that more than 40 per cent of Americans get their news from the social media behemoth. Facebook doesn\u2019t just bring together audiences for the news. It shapes the news for audiences, drawn from the choices of their social connections and regurgitated by algorithms to match personal preferences. It is a space deliberately designed to envelop users in the cosy embrace of the familiar, not challenge misinformed views or address unsubstantiated rumours.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Conspiracy theories about politics flourish on social media, where the currency is virality not truth. People will share false information if it fits their view of the world. Even if some don\u2019t quite believe it, they will share an article with the aim of entertaining, exciting or enraging friends and acquaintances.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.com\/recent-research-reveals-false-rumours-really-do-travel-faster-and-further-than-the-truth\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Fake news spreads so fast<\/span><\/a>\u00a0that potentially hundreds of thousands of people could have seen it by the time it gets debunked. Facebook was already criticised for failing to stem the rise of fake news before the election results came in, with even Barack Obama talking about a \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sfgate.com\/technology\/businessinsider\/article\/OBAMA-Fake-news-on-Facebook-is-creating-a-dust-10599422.php\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">dust cloud of nonsense<\/span><\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">When everyone can be the media, both left and right sought to be the media. Sometimes it was through the use of automated propaganda bots on Twitter. One study found bots were behind 50-55 per cent of Clinton\u2019s Twitter activity.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.politico.com\/story\/2016\/09\/donald-trump-twitter-army-228923\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">That\u2019s nothing compared to the 80 per cent for Trump<\/span><\/a>. Such frenzied tweeting is intended to create the impression of a groundswell of public opinion. At other times, it was engaged publics who took to social media to craft their own election narrative. For example, Clinton supporters appropriated the #nastywoman to show their support for a female candidate. Trump supporters took to #repeal19, the amendment that gave women the right to vote.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">Such a media diet of affective news designed to stir up passions, feed prejudices and polarise publics is a far cry from the practices of institutional journalism. Reporting is kept separate from opinion and commentary. Facts are prized, with emotion finding its place in features, rather than the news. Looking back, facts never stood a chance. Beyond the weaknesses and failings of the news industry, in a smackdown between emotion and evidence, emotion always wins. Audiences swim in a media blend of tumbling facts, comment, experience and emotion, resulting in a news cocktail tailored to individual tastes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":35,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-185","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Trump and the triumph of affective news when everyone is the media - US Election Analysis 2016<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-6-internet\/trump-and-the-triumph-of-affective-news-when-everyone-is-the-media\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trump and the triumph of affective news when everyone is the media - 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