{"id":163,"date":"2016-11-18T00:43:59","date_gmt":"2016-11-18T00:43:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/?page_id=163"},"modified":"2016-11-18T16:13:39","modified_gmt":"2016-11-18T16:13:39","slug":"the-theology-of-american-exceptionalism","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/the-theology-of-american-exceptionalism\/","title":{"rendered":"The theology of American exceptionalism"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row \"><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-xs-12 col-sm-3\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-473\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Eric_McDaniel-bw-300x300.png\" alt=\"eric_mcdaniel-bw\" width=\"227\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Eric_McDaniel-bw-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Eric_McDaniel-bw-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Eric_McDaniel-bw-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Eric_McDaniel-bw.png 453w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ProfileText4\">\n<p class=\"BIO\"><strong><span class=\"CharOverride-35\">Dr Eric McDaniel<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><em>Associate Professor in the Department of Government, University of Texas, Austin specialising in race, religion and politics. He is author of Politics in the Pews: The Political Mobilization of Black Churches<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><span class=\"EMAIL\">Email: emcdaniel@austin.utexas.edu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-258\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-300x300.png\" alt=\"US2016 - Section 4\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-768x767.png 768w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-1024x1022.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4.png 1026w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5 class=\"CampaignQuote4\">Section 4: Diversity and Division<\/h5>\n<div class=\"page-list\"><ul class=\"list-group-item\"><li class=\"page_item page-item-143\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/hillary-clintons-evolving-gender-appeals\/\">Hillary Clinton\u2019s evolving gender appeals<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-145\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/madam-president-and-the-need-for-a-historical-contextualization-of-the-2016-race\/\">\u2018Madam President\u2019 and the need for a historical contextualization of the 2016 Race<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-147\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/the-nasty-politics-of-risk-gender-and-the-emotional-body-in-the-us-presidential-election\/\">The \u2018nasty\u2019 politics of risk, gender and the emotional body in the US Presidential election<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-149\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/why-trumps-male-chauvinism-appeals-to-some-voters-more-than-others\/\">Why Trump\u2019s male chauvinism appeals to some voters more than others<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-151\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/trumps-promised-land-of-white-masculine-economic-success\/\">Trump\u2019s \u2018promised land\u2019 of white masculine economic success<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-153\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/attempting-to-understand-hillary-clintons-favourability-ratings\/\">Attempting to understand Hillary Clinton\u2019s favourability ratings<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-155\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/a-very-queer-presidential-election-campaign-personal-reflections-from-an-lgbt-perspective\/\">A very queer Presidential election campaign: personal reflections from an LGBT perspective<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/love-didnt-trump-hate-intolerance-in-the-campaign-and-beyond\/\">Love didn\u2019t trump hate: intolerance in the campaign and beyond<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-159\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/the-blue-collar-billionaire-explaining-the-trump-phenomenon\/\">The blue-collar billionaire: explaining the Trump phenomenon<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-161\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/belonging-racism-and-white-backlash-in-the-2016-us-presidential-election\/\">Belonging, racism and white backlash in the 2016 US Presidential Election<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-165\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/organizing-in-trumps-america-the-perspective-of-the-disability-community\/\">Organizing in Trump\u2019s America: the perspective of the disability community<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-167\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/why-are-the-german-americans-trumps-most-loyal-supporters\/\">Why are the German-Americans Trump\u2019s most loyal supporters?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<p><\/div><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-xs-12 col-sm-9\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"FIRST-PARA\">Every four years America has a national revival, where candidates traverse the nation preaching about what it means to be American and the nation\u2019s future. While these candidates\u2019 sermons may differ, they agree that the US is exceptional; it should lead the world. Commonly, they justify this esteemed image of the nation by arguing that\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.press.uillinois.edu\/books\/catalog\/68gyd7ae9780252072208.html\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">its exalted status is a divine endowment.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">The theology of American exceptionalism has its origins in the rhetoric of the New England Puritans who viewed their development in America as divine will. John Winthrop famously argued that America is a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/winthropsociety.com\/doc_charity.php\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">\u201cCity upon a hill\u201d<\/span><\/a>\u00a0that had gained God\u2019s favor. However, these divine blessings are not unconditional, America\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/press.uchicago.edu\/ucp\/books\/book\/chicago\/B\/bo3633018.html\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">moral direction is under constant judgement<\/span><\/a>. The nation is always at risk of losing its heavenly grace if it violates God\u2019s will. This theology has\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.zondervan.com\/the-myth-of-a-christian-nation\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">buttressed our definition of America<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and dictated its behavior. Recognizing the power of the theology of American exceptionalism,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oxfordscholarship.com\/view\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195326413.001.0001\/acprof-9780195326413\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">political leaders create their version of the American gospel within this framework<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">During the 2016 presidential election, Hillary Clinton evangelized that staying course would ensure divine blessings. Conversely, Donald Trump preached that the nation had lost its divine favor. Much like the rhetoric of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/catalog.hathitrust.org\/Record\/008588032\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">\u201cLost Cause\u201d,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a theme articulated by former Confederates in response to their defeat by the Union, Mr. Trump argued that incompetent and corrupt leadership caused the nation to lose its glory. Specifically, Mr. Trump tapped into an\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/apr.sagepub.com\/content\/39\/1\/205.abstract\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">American gospel which focused on purity<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and called for the nation to rid itself of infidels and heretics. Political correctness and diversity had stripped the rightful leaders of the nation from their prominence and taken the nation off its divine path. For the nation to re-ascend in the divine hierarchy, it must reverse its course of action, and only he could save the nation\u2019s corrupted soul.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Unlike past presidential candidates, who used implicit language, Mr. Trump was overt. In announcing his candidacy,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/fact-checker\/wp\/2015\/07\/08\/donald-trumps-false-comments-connecting-mexican-immigrants-and-crime\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">he painted Mexican immigrants as the infidels who tainted the nation\u2019s soul with their immoral behavior<\/span><\/a>. Later he argued that the American Muslim community was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/fact-checker\/wp\/2015\/11\/22\/donald-trumps-outrageous-claim-that-thousands-of-new-jersey-muslims-celebrated-the-911-attacks\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">actively subverting the nation<\/span><\/a>\u00a0from its divine path. While Hillary Clinton sermonized that America\u2019s blessings come from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/hillaryspeeches.com\/2016\/07\/14\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">religious and racial diversity<\/span><\/a>, he argued diversity brought in heretics that must be expunged. Only through this purge could the nation return to its divinely dictated path.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Many questioned the sincerity of this rhetoric and attempted to advance a counter gospel. One need only look at\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2016\/7\/29\/12320252\/democrats-christian-religion-dnc-convention\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">the rhetoric of religious and political leaders at the Democratic National Convention<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to see the counter gospel in action. However, the outcome of the election demonstrates that Mr. Trump\u2019s gospel is what resonated with the American public. Numerous studies demonstrate that Trump supporters were\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/07\/14\/us\/politics\/donald-trump-white-identity.html?_r=0\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">fearful of the nation\u2019s racial and religious diversification<\/span><\/a>. These Americans saw the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.vox.com\/2016\/9\/12\/12882796\/trump-supporters-racist-deplorables\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">dwindling presence of Whites and Christians<\/span><\/a>\u00a0as corrupting the nation\u2019s soul.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">This phenomenon of national soul cleansing is not limited to the United States. The\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/daily-comment\/a-perilous-nationalism-at-brexit\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">United Kingdom\u2019s vote to leave the European Union<\/span><\/a>\u00a0along with other European nations\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/entry\/europe-right-wing-refugees_us_562e9e64e4b06317990f1922\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">pushing back against racial and religious diversity<\/span><\/a>\u00a0demonstrates that citizens in western industrialized nations feel threatened by globalization.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">The American case is unique because of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.simonandschuster.com\/books\/American-Grace\/Robert-D-Putnam\/9781416566731\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">continued insistence that the nation\u2019s destiny is divinely inspired<\/span><\/a>. Furthermore, American\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/us.macmillan.com\/racereligionandthecontinuingamericandilemma\/cericlincoln\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">religious and racial identity are tightly intertwined<\/span><\/a>. The\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/6367\/most-segregated-hour.aspx\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">highly segregated nature of America\u2019s churches<\/span><\/a>\u00a0informs us that religious similarities cannot overcome racial dissimilarities. Because of this, White Americans perceive an assault on the nation\u2019s religious identity as an attack on their racial identity.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Mr. Trump\u2019s tapped into these fears and crafted a gospel that converted these citizens from passive to active. His speeches reassure them that they will be led out of the wilderness of racial and religious diversity. By advocating stricter immigration policies, instilling law and order in minority communities, and exorcising incompetent and corrupt politicians, he calls for returning control of the nation to those truly intended to be American.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/uncpress.unc.edu\/browse\/book_detail?title_id=296\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Much like the southern leaders who emerged after Reconstruction<\/span><\/a>, his gospel promises national and global redemption.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Even with the success of Mr. Trump\u2019s great revival, his American gospel is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/politics-and-religion\/article\/two-american-jeremiads-traditionalist-and-progressive-stories-of-american-nationhood\/69EBD26CC53FB59DF21124596662EF31\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">in a struggle with several others<\/span><\/a>. Just as the gospel of slavery competed with the gospel of abolition and the gospel of segregation competed with the gospel of racial equality, the gospel of Trump will not go unchallenged. His combatants will be those who view diversity and protecting the marginalized as a divine edict. Individuals, such as\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.breachrepairers.org\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Rev. William Barber and his Moral Mondays movement<\/span><\/a>, will be tasked with converting the nation to this counter gospel. Soon we will see the effects of Mr. Trump\u2019s great revival through policy and citizen action. Further, we will see the gospels crafted in response. But no matter what gospel is presented, it will be articulated in the theology of American exceptionalism.<\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":30,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-163","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The theology of American exceptionalism - US Election Analysis 2016<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/the-theology-of-american-exceptionalism\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The theology of American exceptionalism - 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