{"id":147,"date":"2016-11-18T00:40:58","date_gmt":"2016-11-18T00:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/?page_id=147"},"modified":"2016-11-18T15:57:57","modified_gmt":"2016-11-18T15:57:57","slug":"the-nasty-politics-of-risk-gender-and-the-emotional-body-in-the-us-presidential-election","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/the-nasty-politics-of-risk-gender-and-the-emotional-body-in-the-us-presidential-election\/","title":{"rendered":"The \u2018nasty\u2019 politics of risk, gender and the emotional body in the US Presidential election"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"row \"><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-xs-12 col-sm-3\">\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-449\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/SJThompson-bw-300x300.png\" alt=\"sjthompson-bw\" width=\"227\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/SJThompson-bw-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/SJThompson-bw-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/SJThompson-bw-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/SJThompson-bw.png 453w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ProfileText4\">\n<p class=\"BIO\"><strong><span class=\"CharOverride-58\">Dr Shelley Thompson\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><em><span class=\"CharOverride-39\">Politics Programme Leader and a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Media and Communication, Bournemouth University\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><span class=\"CharOverride-37\">Email: shelleyt@bournemouth.ac.uk<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-451\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Candida_Yates-300x300.png\" alt=\"candida_yates\" width=\"227\" height=\"227\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Candida_Yates-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Candida_Yates-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Candida_Yates-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/Candida_Yates.png 453w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 227px) 100vw, 227px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"ProfileText4\">\n<p class=\"BIO\"><strong><span class=\"CharOverride-35\">Prof Candida Yates<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><em>Professor of Communication and expert in Psychosocial Studies in the Faculty of Media and Communication at Bournemouth University.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"BIO\"><span class=\"CharOverride-37\">Email: cyates@bmth.ac.uk<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-258\" src=\"http:\/\/www.electionanalysis2016.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-300x300.png\" alt=\"US2016 - Section 4\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-768x767.png 768w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-1024x1022.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/US2016-Section-4.png 1026w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5 class=\"CampaignQuote4\">Section 4: Diversity and Division<\/h5>\n<div class=\"page-list\"><ul class=\"list-group-item\"><li class=\"page_item page-item-143\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/hillary-clintons-evolving-gender-appeals\/\">Hillary Clinton\u2019s evolving gender appeals<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-145\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/madam-president-and-the-need-for-a-historical-contextualization-of-the-2016-race\/\">\u2018Madam President\u2019 and the need for a historical contextualization of the 2016 Race<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-149\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/why-trumps-male-chauvinism-appeals-to-some-voters-more-than-others\/\">Why Trump\u2019s male chauvinism appeals to some voters more than others<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-151\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/trumps-promised-land-of-white-masculine-economic-success\/\">Trump\u2019s \u2018promised land\u2019 of white masculine economic success<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-153\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/attempting-to-understand-hillary-clintons-favourability-ratings\/\">Attempting to understand Hillary Clinton\u2019s favourability ratings<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-155\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/a-very-queer-presidential-election-campaign-personal-reflections-from-an-lgbt-perspective\/\">A very queer Presidential election campaign: personal reflections from an LGBT perspective<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/love-didnt-trump-hate-intolerance-in-the-campaign-and-beyond\/\">Love didn\u2019t trump hate: intolerance in the campaign and beyond<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-159\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/the-blue-collar-billionaire-explaining-the-trump-phenomenon\/\">The blue-collar billionaire: explaining the Trump phenomenon<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-161\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/belonging-racism-and-white-backlash-in-the-2016-us-presidential-election\/\">Belonging, racism and white backlash in the 2016 US Presidential Election<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-163\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/the-theology-of-american-exceptionalism\/\">The theology of American exceptionalism<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-165\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/organizing-in-trumps-america-the-perspective-of-the-disability-community\/\">Organizing in Trump\u2019s America: the perspective of the disability community<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"page_item page-item-167\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/why-are-the-german-americans-trumps-most-loyal-supporters\/\">Why are the German-Americans Trump\u2019s most loyal supporters?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<p><\/div><\/p>\n<p><div class=\"col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-xs-12 col-sm-9\"><\/p>\n<p class=\"FIRST-PARA\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">So, the worst has happened and Hillary Clinton was defeated by Donald Trump. From a feminist perspective, Trump\u2019s much documented misogyny and its apparent acceptance by some commentators as \u2018banter\u2019, represents a real risk to women\u2019s rights and to the self-esteem of girls growing up in the US. In Trump-land, retro-sexism becomes normalised, as women and their bodies are defined as risky objects of either desire or disgust. Thus, unpacking the psychosocial dynamics of the relationship between risk, gender and the body takes on a political urgency in a context where fantasies of femininity become aligned with notions of risk within the cultural and political imagination, as we saw in the campaign through representations of Clinton\u2019s body. So, whilst Trump represents a risk to women and to US civil rights more broadly, it is powerful women such as Clinton (who ironically, are said to be from the political establishment) who are nonetheless often presented as\u00a0<\/span>the risk,\u00a0<span class=\"REGULAR\">and who therefore cannot be trusted.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">The wider socio-political context of \u2018risk society\u2019 has been discussed at length by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uk.sagepub.com\/en-gb\/eur\/risk-society\/book203184\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Ulrich Beck<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.polity.co.uk\/book.asp?ref=9780745609232\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Giddens<\/span><\/a>, who argue globalisation, economic crises and social fragmentation are linked to a heightened fear of risk and a dread of impending catastrophe. One can apply these ideas to the psychosocial and political dynamics of the US Presidential Election campaign and its media coverage, where widespread anxiety about risk was dealt with through the defensive mechanisms of splitting candidates into \u2018good and bad\u2019 and by projecting fears and anxieties onto them. The election has thrown into sharp relief the different ways that men and women are represented in the public sphere through the embodied attributes and emotions ascribed to each candidate. In Clinton\u2019s case, it was as if the fragmented political body (the electorate) dealt with their fears by projecting them onto the image of a corrupt and abject political body that she, as a woman, seemed to represent, and her body thus became the focus for their anxiety and sense of risk.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">These psychosocial processes are linked to gendered divisions of emotion, and perceptions of the body that are prevalent in contemporary politics and society more widely. Against a backdrop of personality-driven mediated politics, the emotional personality has now taken centre-stage in political campaigns (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.palgrave.com\/us\/book\/9780230008397\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Richards<\/span><\/a>, 2007;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.palgrave.com\/us\/book\/9780230302525\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">Yates<\/span><\/a>, 2015). This development is shaped by perceptions of gender, and men and women have a different relationship to the public in this respect, reflecting the double standards that exist around emotion and gender more widely. As is well known, women on the political stage are often encouraged to look as assertive as men, and yet must also be cautious about appearing too domineering. Although Trump\u2019s antics left many feeling that he is overly narcissistic and emotionally unstable, for swathes of the American electorate and in certain sections of the media, it was Hillary who was nonetheless represented as the riskier candidate. For decades, Clinton has been described as cold, unfeeling and somehow unnatural for failing to comply with feminine stereotypes. And yet we know if she \u2018softened\u2019 her image, she ran the risk of appearing too weak. Throughout the campaign, Clinton maintained a cool persona, but what was emphasised was her health and the potential frailty of her aging female body as being somehow inherently risky, thereby shoring up older discourses of femininity, emotion and embodiment.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\">Although many aspects of the news reporting \u2013 here and in the US \u2013 could serve to illustrate the implicit and explicit sexism within news and societal discourses, the repeated reporting on the two candidates\u2019 relative health uniquely illustrates the gendered double standard. The impact of the rigours of campaigning was heightened when Clinton contracted pneumonia in September and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/hillary-clinton-health-faint-collapse-pneumonia-poll-trust-lying-reasons-allergies-a7239786.html\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">reportedly \u2018fainted\u2019<\/span><\/a>, according to US and UK front pages, coupled with the coverage of health conspiracy theories related to Clinton and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/us-elections\/hillary-clinton-pneumonia-drop-out-race-dnc-white-house-biden-sanders-a7238526.html\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">speculation after the release of her medical records.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0The double standard around gender, health and risk in relation to political competency and performance is evident if we look at the reporting around the candidates\u2019 health records. In contrast to press reports of Clinton\u2019s vulnerability, the self-professed\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/news\/2016\/09\/14\/donald-trump-health-summary-on-dr-oz-chat-show-high-testosterone\/\"><span class=\"Hyperlink\">\u2018high testosterone\u2019<\/span><\/a>\u00a0levels of Trump reported in the news appears to celebrate his potency as a man despite the well-publicised sexual assault complaints from women. Despite the unease from within his own party and amongst some voters, the critical focus around trust and risk returned to Clinton, whose status as a woman appeared &#8211; at least in fantasy &#8211; to encapsulate anxieties about the dangers of femininity and women as political leaders.<\/p>\n<p class=\"Basic-Paragraph-US\"><span class=\"REGULAR\">As the political rhetoric and its new reporting would have it, Hillary Clinton\u2019s emotions and gendered body \u2013 and by extension those of all women \u2013 serve to heighten perceptions of her as an inevitable risk, therefore making her apparently untrustworthy as a leader. The fear and anxiety about the possibility of a \u2018nasty woman\u2019 president was so great that Clinton lost the election. As a result, we all lose because women and their leadership potential continue to be undermined within everyday settings such as media, politics and society.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":30,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-147","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The \u2018nasty\u2019 politics of risk, gender and the emotional body in the US Presidential election - US Election Analysis 2016<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.electionanalysis.ws\/us\/president2016\/us-election-analysis-2016\/section-4-diversity-and-division\/the-nasty-politics-of-risk-gender-and-the-emotional-body-in-the-us-presidential-election\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The \u2018nasty\u2019 politics of risk, gender and the emotional body in the US Presidential election - 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